Generally, vineyards do not require 100% ET replacement, because to do so often leads to excessive vine growth.
As high losses as 30- 50% have been reported in grapes due to improper water management.
Labour costs represent about 60% of annual variable costs for grape producers.
Though Fertilizer alone account for about 50% of total input costs, fertilizer use efficiency is very low in grapes.
Over use of pesticides results in decrease in yield, deteriorated quality and reduced productivity of soil. Additionally the pest becomes increasingly resistant to chemical dosage.
Inability to manage water resources effectively due to depleting groundwater resources.
Inability to compete in global market because of average quality of cotton
Dependency on flood irrigation creates challenges with flowering, Ball development and ball opening and overall yield